ArticleBMC microbiology2026
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin ncBCG427 sRNA potentially enhances intracellular bacteria survival by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammatory responses.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) are non-coding RNA types that regulate target mRNA expression. In our previous research, we identified a novel sRNA, ncBCG427, that reduced the invasion of Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. sm) and altered its single-colony morphology. This study examined whether ncBCG427 produces similar effects in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and investigated the underlying mechanisms of its action. Overexpressing ncBCG427 in BCG (BCG_ncBCG427) increased bacterial growth, adhesion, and invasion in A549 cells, improving intracellular survival in THP-1 cells. In THP-1 cells, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, phosphorylated p38, ERK, and p65 levels decreased, while p65 nuclear entry was inhibited, indicating ncBCG427 suppresses inflammation through the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Additionally, the overexpression strain showed reduced levels of apoptosis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 121 differentially expressed genes, identifying rpmB and JTY_2977 as key targets. Mutant strains with low expression of these genes (BCG_M-rpmB and BCG_M-JTY2977) exhibited enhanced growth, adhesion, and invasion in A549 cells, along with improved intracellular survival in THP-1 cells. A dual-luciferase reporter assay validated these genes as targets of ncBCG427. Furthermore, BCG_M-rpmB and BCG_M-JTY2977 decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis, which were restored in complementary strains (BCG_C-rpmB and BCG_C-JTY2977). Our study demonstrated that ncBCG427 improved BCG intracellular survival by targeting rpmB and JTY_2977, suppressing inflammation and apoptosis via the MAPK and NF-κB pathways.
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