ArticleBMC microbiology2026
Viral etiology of adult encephalitis in Egypt: the role of West Nile Virus.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
backgroundWest Nile Virus (WNV) is a neurotropic virus in the Orthoflavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family that typically causes asymptomatic infections. Despite the high seroprevalence of WNV in Egypt, no documented cases of neurological involvement were previously recorded. This study aimed to document the causes of encephalitis, including WNV, in Egypt.
methodsData were extracted retrospectively from laboratory records of adult patients suspected of encephalitis who underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum examinations during the study period (2018–2024). Eligible records were identified using the laboratory information system.
resultsNon-viral causes were detected in (4%) of the patients. Approximately 7% of patients tested positive for WNV IgM in serum and/or CSF, and one patient tested positive for WNV RT-PCR in CSF. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) (4%) and BK virus (4%) were also identified using real-time PCR.
conclusionsWest Nile virus should be recognized as a potential cause of encephalitis in Egypt. Routine testing for WNV in encephalitis investigations is recommended to improve the detection of arboviral neuroinvasive diseases and support effective public health monitoring.
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