Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41922864›Full record

ReviewOral radiology2026

Upper airway volumetry using CBCT: a critical review of methodological inconsistencies and open-source software applications.

Pedro Dos Santos Anjo E Aguero, Beatriz Leal Barbosa, Rita de Cássia d'Ottaviano Nápole, Reynaldo Antequera, Frederico Yonezaki, Richard Louis Voegels, Fabio de Rezende Pina, Gustavo Groethe Machado, Camila Eduarda Zambon

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Oral radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Pedro Dos Santos Anjo E AgueroOral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil. psa.aguero@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-9194-5496
Beatriz Leal BarbosaDepartment of Dentistry, Hospital das Clínicas, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.
Rita de Cássia d'Ottaviano NápoleDepartment of Dentistry, Hospital das Clínicas, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.
Reynaldo AntequeraDepartment of Dentistry, Hospital das Clínicas, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.
Frederico YonezakiOral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-3321
Richard Louis VoegelsDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital das Clínicas, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0192-3387
Fabio de Rezende PinaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital das Clínicas, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.
Gustavo Groethe MachadoOral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.
Camila Eduarda ZambonOral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-4680

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo critically synthesize methodological heterogeneity in upper airway volumetry based in CBCT and compare open-source versus commercial tools in airway assessment.

methodsWe conducted an integrative review (2010–2025) in PubMed/Scopus, screened 1,427 records, and included 29 studies. We extracted imaging parameters, anatomical limits, segmentation strategies (fixed/adaptive thresholds; manual/semi-automatic/automatic), validation approaches, and reproducibility metrics.

resultsSubstantial heterogeneity was found in acquisition protocols, head posture control, anatomical boundaries, and thresholding strategies, limiting cross-study comparability. When protocols were standardized, open-source software achieved reliability comparable to commercial packages.

conclusionsStandardized protocols are essential particularly for HU thresholding, anatomical limits, and validation. Open-source solutions are clinically viable where accessibility and reproducibility are priorities

Indexed as

Cone-Beam Computed TomographySoftwareHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalReproducibility of Results3D airway segmentationAirway volumetry protocolsCone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)Open-source software

Identifiers

PMID41922864

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.