ArticlePlant cell reports2026
Exclusion versus detoxification: contrasting molecular strategies of aluminium tolerance in rice landraces of Northeast India.
Article in Plant cell reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
key messageRice genotypes differ in aluminium tolerance, with resistant landraces sustaining root growth OsSTAR1 / OsSTAR2 mediated exclusion, organic acid efflux, and antioxidant defense, whereas sensitive varieties accumulate Al³⁺ via OsNRAT1-OsALS1 mediated internal sequestration, leading to oxidative damage. This study reveals two contrasting molecular strategies of aluminium (Al) tolerance root-based exclusion and internal detoxification among indigenous rice landraces of Northeast India, a region severely affected by acidic soil-related Al toxicity. Fifty-three rice genotypes were evaluated under hydroponic Al stress (200 μM AlCl₃) through integrated morphophysiological, biochemical, and gene expression analyses. Tolerant genotypes such as Ahom Sali and Disang sustained root growth, biomass, and relative water content, whereas sensitive types such as Ranjit Sub-1 and Jolkonwari showed severe root inhibition and oxidative damage. SSR marker analysis of 33 polymorphic loci (mean PIC = 0.48) confirmed high genetic diversity, but weak correlation with phenotypic performance, indicating complex inheritance of tolerance. Biochemical profiling revealed that tolerant landraces maintained higher chlorophyll and antioxidant enzyme activities and secreted greater quantities of organic acids (citrate and malate), facilitating Al exclusion through rhizosphere chelation. Gene expression analysis revealed the upregulation of OsSTAR1, OsSTAR2, and OsFRDL4 in tolerant genotypes, promoting Al exclusion, whereas sensitive lines showed increased OsNRAT1 and OsALS1 expression, indicating a reliance on less effective internal detoxification pathways. These findings demonstrate that aluminium tolerance in traditional rice landraces from Northeast India is driven primarily by exclusion mechanisms. The identified tolerant genotype represents a valuable genetic resource for the breeding of acid soil-resilient rice cultivars, offering promising prospects for sustainable rice production and food security in Al-affected regions.
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