Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41922716›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Using magnetic nanoparticles to explore symbiotic interactions.

Dulce G Guillen Matus, Eric J Koch, Nidhi Vijayan, Hayden J Good, Robert M Samples, Carlos M Rinaldi-Ramos, David P Arnold, Spencer V Nyholm, Marcy J Balunas, Jamie S Foster

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Dulce G Guillen MatusDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Eric J KochDepartment of Microbiology and Cell Science, Space Life Science Lab, University of Florida, Merritt Island, FL, 32953, USA.
Nidhi VijayanDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
Hayden J GoodDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Robert M SamplesDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
Carlos M Rinaldi-RamosDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
David P ArnoldDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Spencer V NyholmDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA. spencer.nyholm@uconn.edu.
Marcy J BalunasDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. mbalunas@umich.edu.
Jamie S FosterDepartment of Microbiology and Cell Science, Space Life Science Lab, University of Florida, Merritt Island, FL, 32953, USA. jfoster@ufl.edu.

Funding

Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation 9349
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

All plants and animals form symbiotic associations with microbes, yet many of the underlying mechanisms associated with these interactions remain uncharacterized. There are inherent challenges to studying the cellular and metabolic interactions between eukaryotes and their microbial symbionts, thus new methodologies that enable the discovery of symbiotic processes are continually needed. Here, we explored the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a tool to track aspects of the host innate immune response to symbionts under both ex vivo and in vivo conditions. The symbiotic association between the Hawaiian bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes and its bioluminescent partner Vibrio fischeri was used as a model to explore the potential of MNPs as non-toxic, manipulable agents to investigate aquatic symbiotic associations. Results suggest that host cells can be effectively labeled with MNPs under ex vivo conditions and that the particles can be visualized and tracked within the host animal in vivo using magnetic particle imaging. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses also revealed minimal changes to the host innate immune cells after uptake of MNPs in the presence and absence of V. fischeri. Together, these results suggest that MNPs have minimal biochemical impact on the host cells and can serve as an effective tool to explore aquatic symbiotic interactions.

Indexed as

Aliivibrio fischeriDecapodiformesMagnetite NanoparticlesSymbiosisAnimalsImmunity, InnateMetabolomicsProteomicsMagnetite NanoparticlesEuprymna scolopesmagnetic nanoparticlesmagnetic particle imagingmetabolomicsproteomicssymbiosisVibrio fischeri

Identifiers

PMID41922716
PMCPMC13184279

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.