Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41922534›Full record

ArticleEye (London, England)2026

Area Deprivation and Social Vulnerability Are Associated with Pediatric Vision Screening Outcomes in the University of California, Irvine EyeMobile Program.

Jainam Shah, John D Hong, Kimia Rezaei, Jordan Tang, Michael Madsen, Cecilia Vallejos, Kourosh Shahraki, Kimberly R Walker, Annabelle M Storch, Joseph H Bui and 3 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Eye (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jainam ShahGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. jainam.shah@einsteinmed.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-3088-7543
John D HongGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Kimia RezaeiGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Jordan TangGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Michael MadsenGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Cecilia VallejosGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Kourosh ShahrakiGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6448-6351
Kimberly R WalkerGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Annabelle M StorchGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Joseph H BuiGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Jennifer EspinozaGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Diana TorresGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Donny W SuhGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. donnys@hs.uci.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) are nationally validated neighborhood-level measures of socioeconomic disadvantage but remain understudied in pediatric ophthalmology. We examined associations between ADI/SVI and school-based vision screening outcomes, refractive error (RE), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and amblyopia suspect status.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective study of children aged 3-10 years screened by the UCI EyeMobile program (Orange County, California, United States) from 2021-2024. Among 15,842 children screened, 3,350 underwent comprehensive examination. School addresses were geocoded to ADI/SVI quartiles (Q1-Q4; higher quartiles indicate greater disadvantage). Outcomes included referral, 'fit-for-frames,' RE, amblyopia suspect status, and poor BCVA (>0.2 logMAR). Group differences were assessed using chi-square and Cochran-Armitage trend tests. Multivariable regression evaluated associations with ADI/SVI after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and RE type and severity. Race × index interactions were evaluated, and stratified analyses were performed when significant.

resultsChildren in Q4 neighborhoods had higher referral rates and were more likely to require new spectacles despite passing screening. Myopia was less common, whereas astigmatism was more common in Q4. After adjustment, both poor BCVA and amblyopia suspect status increased across quartiles (p-trend < 0.001). Compared with Q1, Q4 was associated with higher odds of poor BCVA (aOR [95% CI]: 1.51 [1.13-2.01] for ADI; 1.61 [1.18-2.20] for SVI) and amblyopia suspect status (1.78 [1.30-2.43]; 1.82 [1.33-2.48]). Significant interactions were observed, with stronger Q4 versus Q1 effects among Hispanic (aOR: 1.87) and Asian (aOR: 1.62) children, but not among Caucasian children.

conclusionsChildren from the most disadvantaged neighborhoods had higher odds of amblyopia suspect status and poor BCVA. These findings support incorporating ADI/SVI in pediatric vision care to identify underserved children proactively, allocate resources equitably, and reduce the risk of permanent visual impairment.

Indexed as

AmblyopiaRefractive ErrorsVision ScreeningVulnerable PopulationsCaliforniaChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleRetrospective StudiesSocioeconomic Disparities in HealthVisual Acuity

Identifiers

PMID41922534
PMCPMC13269760

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.