Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41921973›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2026

Identification of the causal odds ratio in test-negative-design studies of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness.

Charlotte Lanièce Delaunay, Baltazar Nunes, Susana Monge, Marit de Lange, Gergő Túri, Ausenda Machado, Neus Latorre-Margalef, Ivan Mlinarić, Mihaela Lazar, Paloma Botella Rocamora and 19 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

29 authors.

Charlotte Lanièce DelaunayEpidemiology Department, Epiconcept, Paris, 75011, France.ORCID 0000-0002-7038-325X
Baltazar NunesEpidemiology Department, Epiconcept, Paris, 75011, France.
Susana MongeDepartment of Communicable Diseases, National Centre of Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
Marit de LangeCentre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3721, The Netherlands.
Gergő TúriNational Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 6720, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0003-3465-8321
Ausenda MachadoEpidemiology Department, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, 1649-016, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-1849-1499
Neus Latorre-MargalefDepartment of Microbiology, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, 103 33, Sweden.
Ivan MlinarićDivision for Epidemiology of Communicable Diseases, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.ORCID 0009-0008-8546-6331
Mihaela LazarNational Influenza Centre, Cantacuzino National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, 050096, Romania.
Paloma Botella RocamoraSubdirecció General d'Epidemiologia i Vigilància de la Salut, Direcció General de Salut Pública, Generalitat Valenciana, València, 46020, Spain.
Annika ErdwiensDepartment for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Respiratory Infections Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, 13353, Germany.
Noémie SèveRéseau Sentinelles, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), 75012, Paris, France.
Lisa DomeganHealth Service Executive-Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, D01 A4A3, Ireland.
Iván Martínez-BazInstituto de Salud Pública de Navarra-IdiSNA, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
Mariëtte HooiveldNivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, 3513, The Netherlands.
Beatrix OrosziNational Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 6720, Hungary.
Raquel GuiomarReference Laboratory for Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, 1649-016, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-4563-6315
Maike SperkDepartment of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, 103 33, Sweden.
Sanja Kurečić FilipovićDivision for Epidemiology of Communicable Diseases, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
Catalina PascuNational Influenza Centre, Cantacuzino National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, 050096, Romania.
Juan Antonio Linares DopidoSubdirección de Epidemiología, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Servicio Extremeño de Salud, Mérida, 06800, Spain.
Ralf DürrwaldDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Unit 17 Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, 13353, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3432-0438
Marie-Anne Rameix-WeltiCentre National de Référence Virus des Infections Respiratoires (CNR VIR), M3P, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, 75015, France.
Adele McKennaHealth Service Executive-Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, D01 A4A3, Ireland.
Jesús CastillaInstituto de Salud Pública de Navarra-IdiSNA, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6396-7265
Cheyenne van HagenCentre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, 3721, The Netherlands.
Mirjam KnolCentre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, 3721, The Netherlands.
Marlena KaczmarekVaccine Preventable Disease and Immunisation, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, 171 83, Sweden.
Esther KisslingEpidemiology Department, Epiconcept, Paris, 75011, France.ORCID 0000-0001-7188-8404

Funding

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)Vaccine Effectiveness, Burden and Impact Studies (VEBIS) of COVID-19 and Influenza ECDC/2021/019
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Identifiers

PMID41921973
PMCPMC13043190

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.