Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2026
The association between PFAS exposure, menstrual cycle parameters, and reproductive hormones in adolescent girls.
Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02583646 (Investigating the Impact of Obesity on Pubertal Development in Girls), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigating the Impact of Obesity on Pubertal Development in Girls
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The association between PFAS exposure, menstrual cycle parameters, and reproductive hormones in adolescent girls.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextPerfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), sometimes referred to as "forever chemicals", are widespread. Certain PFAS exposures have been associated with reproductive abnormalities in women, but limited data exist in adolescents.
objectiveTo investigate the relationship between PFAS, menstrual cycle length/variability, and reproductive hormones in adolescents.
methodsThirty-eight girls completed menstrual diaries and contributed daily urine samples to measure creatinine (Cr)-corrected luteinizing hormone (LH), estrone-3-glucuronide (E1G), and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG). Twenty-four PFAS were measured (n = 88 serum samples, average 2.32 samples/participant over the course of 1.20 ± 1.34 years) using mass spectrometry. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess associations between PFAS and total cycle, follicular phase, and luteal phase lengths and hormone levels. Models were performed unadjusted and adjusted for gynecologic age, body fat percent, and race/ethnicity.
resultsParticipants were 12.8 ± 1.0 years old (mean ± SD) with a gynecologic age of 0.3 ± 0.2 years. Most were non-Hispanic White and of normal weight. Four PFAS were consistently detected: perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid. There were no associations between PFAS and cycle length or variability. PFBS was positively associated with peak E1G levels (β = .15, 95% CI [0.00, 0.29], P = .049), but no species was associated with peak LH or PdG levels.
conclusionPFAS were widely detected in healthy girls. PFBS was positively associated with E1G levels, suggesting potential ovarian effects. Analyses are ongoing to understand PFAS exposure sources and to determine if ongoing exposure may impact reproductive health. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION: Clinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT02583646.
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