ArticlePloS one2026
Social determinants of vaccine hesitancy among the Lebanese parents: A cross-sectional Study.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Personal Influenza Vaccination and Willingness to Receive Vaccination in Community Pharmacies Among Pharmacists and Family Physicians in Northwestern Romania: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Correction: Social determinants of vaccine hesitancy among the Lebanese parents: A cross-sectional Study.PloS one · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVaccines are vital in preventing infectious diseases and saving millions of lives globally. However, the rise of vaccine hesitancy has hindered adequate vaccination coverage, particularly among children. This study explores the social determinants influencing childhood vaccine hesitancy among a sample of Lebanese parents, focusing on how individuals are born, grow, live, and work.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire that gathered socio-demographic characteristics, factors influencing childhood vaccination, and social determinants of health (SDOH). Vaccine hesitancy was measured using a 23-item scale with two subscales (hesitancy and acceptance/trust) rated on a 5-point Likert scale. SDOH included socioeconomic status), Vaccine Health Literacy, Daily Spiritual Experience Scale, and Discrimination in Medical Settings Scale. Data were analyzed using bivariate tests and multivariable linear regression with vaccine hesitancy as the dependent variable.
resultsA total of 251 participants completed the survey. The mean parental age was 34.94 ± 8.69 years, with 55.8% being female, and the mean child age was 21.35 ± 11.53 months (range: 0-36 months). Higher vaccine hesitancy was observed among individuals reporting higher discrimination in medical settings (Beta = 0.752, p < 0.001), stronger religious beliefs (Beta = 0.866, p < 0.001), and lower SES (Beta = 0.265, p < 0.001). Conversely, higher vaccine literacy (Beta = 0.216, p = 0.035) and a health education background (Beta = 6.262, p = 0.011) were associated with lower hesitancy.
conclusionThis study highlights key social determinants of vaccine hesitancy among a sample of Lebanese parents, emphasizing the role of medical discrimination, religious beliefs, and socioeconomic status. Improving vaccine literacy and health education, particularly in vulnerable populations, is crucial to reducing hesitancy. Addressing discrimination in healthcare settings and fostering trust in the medical system are also essential.
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