ArticlePloS one2026
Validation of the Holmlund-Grooten sub-maximal arm crank ergometer-test for estimating peak oxygen uptake in wheelchair users with Spinal Cord Injury.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
designCross-sectional validity study.
objectivesTo determine the criterion validity, Standard Error of the Measurement (SEM) and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC), of a newly developed submaximal test (Holmlund-Grooten test) for estimating the peak oxygen consumption in wheelchair users with motor-complete Spinal Cord Injury (mcSCI). SETTINGS: Outpatient rehabilitation centre in Stockholm, Sweden.
methodsPeak and submaximal oxygen uptake (VO2) was measured using indirect calorimetry. A backward linear regression model, including heart rate, power output, and several demographic variables, was used to predict absolute VO2peak.
resultsIn total, 63 individuals (16 females) with mcSCI were included. The final prediction model included four significant (p < 0.05) variables (sex, injury level, heart rate, power output) that were able to predict absolute VO2peak (adjusted R2 = 0.77). The Holmlund-Grooten test showed excellent criterion validity (ICC = 0.88; 95%CI 0.83-0.94), SEM = 0.05 L·min-1 and MDC = 0.13 L·min-1. No adverse events were reported. We provide an Excel file that calculates VO2peak based on the Holmlund-Grooten model for males and females and tetra- and paraplegia for clinical use.
conclusionThe Holmlund-Grooten test is a valid submaximal test for estimating VO₂peak in wheelchair users with SCI and can be easily implemented in clinical settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.