ArticleEndocrine2026
Heterogeneity in endocrine monitoring and timing of endocrinology involvement during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A Real-World Single-Center study.
Article in Endocrine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeEndocrine immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are increasingly encountered with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), yet patterns of screening, referral, and emergency outcomes remain underexplored. This study evaluated the adequacy of endocrine monitoring, iming of endocrinology involvement, and determinants of endocrine emergencies in ICI-treated patients.
methodsWe retrospectively reviewed 103 patients (67 men, 36 women; mean age 60.8 ± 12.1 years) referred to the Endocrinology Department between 2016 and 2025. Clinical data, cancer types, immunotherapy regimens, hormonal assessments, and causes and timing of referral were analyzed.
resultsMost patients (93.3%) were referred due to newly developed endocrine irAEs, with endocrinology involvement occurring at a median of 7.4 months (≈ 10th therapy cycle) after ICI initiation. The predominant ICI regimen involved PD-1 inhibitors (66%). Thyroid dysfunction (n = 64), secondary adrenal insufficiency (n = 28), and hyperglycemia (n = 4) were the leading endocrinopathies; hypophysitis was detected in 7 cases. Before ICI treatment, endocrine evaluation was absent in 22.3% and incomplete in 38.2%, while 9.7% received no endocrine follow-up during ICI therapy. Emergency admissions occurred in 17.4%, mainly due to adrenal crisis (n = 12), followed by thyrotoxicosis (n = 3). Although baseline screening status and timing of endocrinology involvement were not associated with emergency risk, phenotype strongly influenced outcomes: central adrenal insufficiency increased risk (RR = 3.29; 95% CI 1.33–8.08; p = 0.0197).
conclusionsEndocrine irAEs are frequent and may be recognized only after clinical deterioration, exposing patients to preventable endocrine emergencies, particularly adrenal crisis. These findings highlight heterogeneity and gaps in endocrine surveillance during ICI therapy and support early, structured oncologist–endocrinologist collaboration with standardized baseline and follow-up assessments to improve patient safety and continuity of immunotherapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.