Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41920424›Full record

ArticleEndocrine2026

Comprehensive evaluation of TIR 3B thyroid nodules: Clinical, Ultrasonographical and Cytological features for prediction of malignancy.

Ignazio Barca, Antonio Prinzi, Guenda Di Benedetto, Francesco Arcidiacono, Tommaso Piticchio, Dario Tumino, Giuseppe Evola, Maria Antonietta Trovato, Agata Bosco, Ilenia Marturano and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Endocrine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Ignazio BarcaEndocrinology Unit, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy.ORCID 0009-0000-8887-4068
Antonio PrinziEndocrinology Unit, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy. antonio.prinzi@unipa.it.
Guenda Di BenedettoEndocrinology Unit, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy.
Francesco ArcidiaconoEndocrinology Unit, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy.
Tommaso PiticchioDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University Kore of Enna, Enna, 94100, EN, Italy.
Dario TuminoEndocrinology Unit, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy.
Giuseppe EvolaDepartment of General and Emergency Surgery, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy.
Maria Antonietta TrovatoSurgical Oncology Department, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy.
Agata BoscoPathology Unit, ARNAS Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy.
Ilenia MarturanoEndocrinology Unit, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy.
Gabriella PellegritiEndocrinology Unit, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy.
Pasqualino MalandrinoEndocrinology Unit, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy.
Marco RussoEndocrinology Unit, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy.
Francesco FrascaEndocrinology Unit, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThyroid nodules are common clinical findings, with a subset requiring evaluation for malignancy. TIR 3B nodules, classified as indeterminate with high risk, present a diagnostic challenge. This study aims to identify clinical, ultrasonographic, and cytological features predictive of malignancy in TIR 3B thyroid nodules.

methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 175 patients with TIR 3B nodules who underwent surgery, evaluating their clinical, ultrasound, and cytological characteristics.

resultsThe malignancy rate was 43.4%, with papillary thyroid carcinoma being the most prevalent. Multivariable analysis identified solid hypoechoic nodules, irregular margins, nuclear grooves, and micro- and macrocalcifications as independent predictors of malignancy. Based on these features, we developed a predictive nomogram model with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.790, demonstrating good diagnostic performance. The model identified a malignancy risk cut-off score of 8, with high specificity (94%) for distinguishing benign from malignant nodules.

conclusionsThis study highlighted several findings regarding malignancy risk and identified ultrasonographic and cytological features associated with malignant outcomes to help determine which patients should be candidates for surgery. The proposed predictive model could be a valuable clinical tool and may facilitate more personalized treatment approaches.

Indexed as

Thyroid GlandThyroid NeoplasmsThyroid NoduleAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNomogramsPredictive Value of TestsRetrospective StudiesThyroid Cancer, PapillaryUltrasonographyIndeterminate cytologyNomogramThyroid cancerThyroid nodulesTIR 3BUltrasonography

Identifiers

PMID41920424
PMCPMC13043612

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.