ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2026
Assessing antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal efficacy of non-porous materials using small droplet transfer: the simulated splash method.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
The transfer of microorganisms via contaminated small droplets presents a vital pathway to the spread of disease. These droplets can be expelled actively by coughing and sneezing, but also via a proxy, such as splashes from contaminated sinks and toilets. Antimicrobial materials provide a preventative approach to controlling the microbial populations on surfaces to combat this issue. However, currently, there are limited standardized testing methods for assessing the antimicrobial efficacy of surfaces using small droplets in a realistic manner. Furthermore, the impact of moisture is often overlooked in current standards. Thus, a method of assessing antimicrobial materials in realistic conditions using contaminated small droplets was developed to assess the efficacy of a given material under both wetted and dry conditions. Additionally, this method was translated to determine the impact of moisture on the antimicrobial efficacy of copper surfaces against bacteria (methicillin-resistant
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