Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41919836›Full record

ArticleJournal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics2026

Pharmacokinetics of 2 mg/kg Bupivacaine in a Rectus Abdominis Sheath Block in Horses.

Daniel M Sakai, Yushun Ishikawa, Jessica S Y Im, Shufan Zhang, Rachel A Reed, Jane E Quandt, Michele Barletta, Heather K Knych

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Daniel M SakaiDepartment of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4205-8679
Yushun IshikawaDepartment of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Jessica S Y ImDepartment of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Shufan ZhangInstitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Rachel A ReedDepartment of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Jane E QuandtDepartment of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Michele BarlettaDepartment of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Heather K KnychDepartment of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8676-4970

Funding

Equine Colic Research Fund (For the Love of the Horse Research Programs Initiative)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Administering large volumes of bupivacaine in the rectus abdominis sheath (RAS) block in horses could cause local anesthetic toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of 2 mg/kg bupivacaine in RAS blocks and the associated toxicity risk. Six healthy adult horses were sedated with xylazine and received an ultrasound-guided bilateral 2-point RAS block. Plasma samples were collected at baseline and from 5 min to 24 h after the block and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A noncompartmental analysis was performed to determine the maximum concentration (C

Indexed as

Anesthetics, LocalBupivacaineNerve BlockRectus AbdominisAnimalsArea Under CurveFemaleHalf-LifeHorsesMaleAnesthetics, LocalBupivacaineabdominal wallanalgesiacolic surgeryequinelocal anesthetic toxicitytransversus abdominis plane

Identifiers

PMID41919836
PMCPMC13371395

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.