Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41919122›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026

Understanding university teachers' continuance of an AI teaching assistant: an integrated TTF-TAM-ECM model in higher education.

Zhihan Liu, Sha Cao, Jingwei Zhang, Thanawan Phongsatha, Satha Phongsatha

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Zhihan LiuSchool of Foreign Studies, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China.
Sha CaoSchool of Foreign Studies, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China.
Jingwei ZhangSchool of Foreign Studies, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China.
Thanawan PhongsathaGraduate School of Business and Advanced Technology Management, Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Satha PhongsathaGraduate School of Human Sciences, Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into higher education is reshaping teachers' work, yet limited evidence addresses teachers' post-adoption experiences with AI teaching assistants. This study examines university English teachers' continuance use of the Superstar AI Assistant by integrating the Technology Acceptance Model, Expectation-Confirmation Model, and Task-Technology Fit. Methods: Survey data from 248 teachers who used the AI assistant for one semester were collected and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with bootstrapped mediation analyses. Results: Task-technology fit strongly predicts perceived ease of use, confirmation, satisfaction, and behavioral intention, whereas its direct effects on perceived usefulness and actual use are non-significant. Perceived usefulness, ease of use, and confirmation significantly enhance satisfaction, and behavioral intention is the primary driver of actual use. Multiple significant indirect pathways were identified through mediation analyses. Discussion: The study advances post-adoption theory in AI-supported teaching and highlights implications for teacher professional development, AI system design, and institutional digital transformation.

Indexed as

continuance intentionExpectation-Confirmation Modeltask-technology fitteacher adoptionTechnology Acceptance Model

Identifiers

PMID41919122
PMCPMC13033745

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.