Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41918619›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in aging neuroscience2026

Effects of aerobic exercise and computer-based cognitive training on cognition, functional independence, quality of life, and salivary cortisol levels in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized trial.

Abdur Raheem Khan, Aafreen Aafreen, Ashfaque Khan, G Shankar Ganesh, Monira I Aldhahi, Mohammed M Alshehri, Mohammad Abu Shaphe

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Abdur Raheem KhanDepartment of Physiotherapy, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
Aafreen AafreenDepartment of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Ashfaque KhanDepartment of Physiotherapy, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
G Shankar GaneshDepartment of Physiotherapy, Composite Regional Centre for Skill Development, Rehabilitation, and Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, Lucknow, India.
Monira I AldhahiDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed M AlshehriPhysical Therapy Department, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammad Abu ShaphePhysical Therapy Department, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) represents an intermediate stage between normal aging and dementia, characterized by measurable cognitive decline without significant loss of functional independence. Non-pharmacological interventions, particularly aerobic exercise and cognitive training, have demonstrated potential benefits; however, their combined effects and underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain inadequately explored. Objective: To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise combined with computer-based cognitive training on cognitive function, functional independence, health-related quality of life, and salivary cortisol levels in older adults with MCI. Methods: This assessor-blinded, two-arm randomized controlled trial included 60 older adults (60-85 years) diagnosed with MCI. Participants were randomized to either an intervention group receiving aerobic exercise plus computer-based cognitive training ( Results: Both groups demonstrated significant within-group improvements in cognitive function, functional independence, quality of life, and cortisol levels over time ( Conclusion: Combining aerobic exercise with cognitive training improves clinical outcomes in older adults with MCI and may influence stress-related neurobiological pathways. This multimodal approach represents a promising, non-pharmacological strategy for mitigating age-related cognitive decline.

Indexed as

aerobic trainingage relatedcognitioncomputer based cognitive trainingexercises

Identifiers

PMID41918619
PMCPMC13033788

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.