ArticleClinical and translational medicine2026
Integrated multi-regional multiomic profiling of breast phyllodes tumours reveals peritumoural immune activation and stromal remodelling.
Article in Clinical and translational medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBreast malignant phyllodes tumours are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms arising from periductal stromal cells, characterized by rapid progression and a high recurrence rate. The poor prognosis largely stems from the lack of effective therapeutic strategies, underscoring the insufficient understanding of their molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Moreover, most previous studies have mainly focused on the tumour core, while the molecular features of the surrounding peritumoural tissue remain insufficiently explored.
methodsTo address this problem, we collected 66 phyllodes tumour specimens from 22 patients, including benign, borderline and malignant subtypes. For each case, paired samples were obtained from the tumour core and peritumoural regions. Multi-regional genomic, transcriptomic and digital pathology analyses were performed to characterize spatial patterns of tumour evolution. In addition, multiplex immunofluorescence was applied to validate the spatial distribution of key cellular and molecular features.
resultsMalignant phyllodes tumours exhibited markedly enhanced proliferative activity compared with benign and borderline counterparts. Malignant tumours were also characterized by a distinctly immune activated peritumoural niche encasing an immune excluded tumour core. Specifically, the peritumoural regions displayed abundant lymphocyte infiltration and close immune cell clustering, whereas the intratumoral compartments were largely devoid of immune cells. Enhanced angiogenesis and collagen remodelling were observed in the peritumoural compartment. In malignant phyllodes tumour patients, a more pronounced spatial immune segregation phenotype may be associated with a lower risk of recurrence.
conclusionThese results provide an integrated view of phyllodes tumour progression and identify immune exclusion as a defining feature of malignancy. The unique biological characteristics of the peritumoural region may serve as valuable therapeutic targets, offering potential for combined anti-angiogenesis agents and immunotherapy strategies to overcome the immune excluded microenvironment of malignant phyllodes tumours.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.