ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2026
Single-cell landscape of intratumoral heterogeneity and GABA-mediated remodeling of the immune microenvironment in breast cancer metastases.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- B-cells in breast cancer: current insights and challenges.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors among women, with its metastasis serving as a leading cause of mortality in affected patients. Recent studies have increasingly highlighted the significant role of tumor in nervation in the development and progression of breast cancer; however, the specific underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.
methodsThis study investigated the relationship between tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) cell subpopulations, mediated by neuro-immune mechanisms in metastatic sites of breast cancer, and both disease severity and treatment response. We employed an analysis of single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) in conjunction with bulk RNA-seq data. The single-cell dataset GSE158399 was obtained from the GEO database, while bulk RNA-seq data from breast cancer patients were retrieved from UCSC Xena. The analysis utilized tools such as Seurat, CellChat, and Monocle, along with a GABA-related gene set.
resultsOur results identified 9 major cell types in the metastatic sites of breast cancer, including T cells, B cells, myofibroblasts, epithelial cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, proliferating cells, mature dendritic cells, and mast cells. Notably, the B cell subpopulation B_C2, the CD4+ T cell subpopulation CD4+Tcm, the M2 macrophage subpopulation, and the myofibroblast subpopulation Myo_C2 were associated with the GABA gene set and appeared to play crucial roles in cell differentiation and intercellular communication. The analysis of cell communication revealed that the GABA-mediated TIME model enhanced intercellular signaling, with receptor-ligand pairs such as PTN/MDK-NCL, CXCL12-CXCR4, and APP-CD74 exhibiting significant functional patterns within the samples. Additionally, the bulk RNA-seq data analysis identified the target gene COL1A2, whose expression was significantly correlated with tumor grading and metastatic status, indicating that Stage III patients had higher expression levels than those in Stage I and II, and that the N2 and N3 metastatic groups exhibited higher expression than the N0 group.
conclusionThis study suggests that GABA may reshape the TIME through the modulation of the neuro-immune axis, offering new insights for prognostic assessments and the development of therapeutic targets in breast cancer metastasis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.