Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41917796›Full record

ArticleDevelopmental psychobiology2026

Synergistic Effects of Early Psychosocial Factors and Polygenic Risk for Smoking: a Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Sample of Older Adults in the United States.

Walter G Dyer, Sung-Ha Lee, Hannah Wilding, Brianna Sutara, Harold H Lee

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Developmental psychobiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Walter G DyerDepartment of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8294-8409
Sung-Ha LeeCenter for Happiness Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-6020-0555
Hannah WildingThe Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8771-2390
Brianna SutaraDepartment of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-9690-1576
Harold H LeeDepartment of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5778-3227

Funding

NIA NIH HHS NIA U01AG009740NIDA NIH HHS NIH T32DA017629
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Genetic influence on smoking may be modified by negative early psychosocial factors (EPFs). However, few studies have examined this interaction. We hypothesized that negative EPFs will exacerbate the association between genetic risk for smoking and ever smoking. We used data on European Americans (EA) and African Americans (AA) from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Polygenic score for "ever smoking" (PGS

Indexed as

Gene-Environment InteractionGenetic Risk ScoreSmokingAgedBlack or African AmericanCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedUnited StatesWhiteearly psychosocial factorspolygenic risk scoressmoking

Identifiers

PMID41917796
PMCPMC13039236

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.