Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41917565›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2026

Physical and chemical characterisation of ophthalmic lens-grinding wastewater: uncovering environmental implications.

Juliana Araújo, Pedro Ramos, Elsa Silvestre, Artur Mateus, Anabela Massano, Timur Nikitin, Rui Fausto, Pedro S P Silva, António J Guiomar, Pedro F Cruz and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Juliana AraújoDepartment of Chemistry, CQC-IMS, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
Pedro RamosPTScience, Avenida Do Atlântico, N 16, Office 5.07, Parque das Nações, 1990-019, Lisboa, Portugal.
Elsa SilvestrePTScience, Avenida Do Atlântico, N 16, Office 5.07, Parque das Nações, 1990-019, Lisboa, Portugal.
Artur MateusInstitute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-788, Coimbra, Portugal.
Anabela MassanoCentre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028, Marinha Grande, Portugal.
Timur NikitinDepartment of Chemistry, CQC-IMS, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
Rui FaustoDepartment of Chemistry, CQC-IMS, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
Pedro S P SilvaDepartment of Physics, CFisUC, University of Coimbra, 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal.
António J GuiomarDepartment of Life Sciences, CERES, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
Pedro F CruzDepartment of Chemistry, CQC-IMS, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
Abílio J F N SobralDepartment of Chemistry, CQC-IMS, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
Telma EncarnaçãoDepartment of Chemistry, CQC-IMS, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal. tencarnacao@qui.uc.pt.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3991-7612

Funding

FCT PTDC/BTA-GES/2740/2020_NABIA
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ophthalmic industry's eyewear lens production generates substantial waste during the lens grinding processes, contributing to significant environmental challenges. This process consumes approximately 20 L of water per eyeglass lens pair, which is subsequently discharged directly into wastewater systems, releasing a complex mixture of pollutants, including micro- and nanoplastics, into the environment. This study investigates the wastewater generated by lens grinding machines within the optical retail sector and provides a detailed physical and chemical characterisation of this waste stream. The results revealed a significant material loss during grinding, with approximately 50% of each initial lens mass being discharged during cutting. Based on conservative estimates, 5,770 tonnes of plastic waste are released into the environment each year, the equivalent of filling and discarding a marine container every 42 h. RAMAN analysis identified TiO

Indexed as

EyeglassesWastewaterBenzhydryl CompoundsBisphenol A CompoundsIndustrial WastePhenolsTitaniumWater Pollutants, ChemicalBenzhydryl Compoundsbisphenol ABisphenol A CompoundsIndustrial WastePhenolsTitaniumWastewaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalEmerging pollutantsEndocrine-disrupting chemicalsGrinding processNanoplasticsOphthalmic industryOphthalmic lensesOptical storesWaste lenses

Identifiers

PMID41917565
PMCPMC13124795

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.