Association of electronic cigarette and conventional smoking with urogenital cancers: NHIS analysis.

The main goal of this analysis is to investigate the association between electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, conventional cigarette smoking, and the development of bladder and prostate cancers. This retrospective study utilizes data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), collected between 2020 and 2022. The analysis included 88,701 participants, among whom 326 were diagnosed with bladder cancer and 1,399 with prostate cancer. Associations were evaluated using logistic regression analyses, adjusted for relevant confounding variables. Conventional cigarette smoking was significantly associated with increased odds of both bladder (adjusted OR = 3.92, 95% CI: 3.07-5.00) and prostate cancers (adjusted OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.27-1.59). Initially, e-cigarette use showed an inverse association with these cancers in unadjusted analyses, which continued with bladder cancer upon adjustment (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.29-0.63), but it was no longer significant after adjustment for prostate cancer (p = 0.84). Hypertension and diabetes appeared as significant independent risk factors for bladder cancer, whereas age, hypertension, and obesity were associated with increased odds of prostate cancer. This study highlights the strong association between conventional cigarette smoking and urogenital cancers and identifies risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity for targeted cancer prevention. The potential long-term risks associated with e-cigarette use require further investigation through longitudinal studies.