Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41917033›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Developing a novel index for neighborhood social determinants of cardiovascular diseases in the CARDIA study.

Tao Gao, Yinan Zheng, Brian T Joyce, Lei Liu, Lili Liu, Catarina Kiefe, Sarah Forrester, Penny Gordon-Larsen, Chunyu Liu, Donald Lloyd-Jones and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Tao GaoDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Yinan ZhengDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2006-7320
Brian T JoyceDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5271-6161
Lei LiuCenter for Biostatistics and Data Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Lili LiuCenter for Biostatistics and Data Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-5594-3022
Catarina KiefeDepartment of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Sarah ForresterDepartment of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Penny Gordon-LarsenDepartment of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5322-4188
Chunyu LiuDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9160-0153
Donald Lloyd-JonesPreventive Medicine & Epidemiology Section, and Framingham Center for Population & Prevention Science, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Kai ZhangDepartment of Population and Community Health, College of Public Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, USA. Kai.Zhang@unthsc.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-0393-5955
Lifang HouDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. l-hou@northwestern.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neighborhood social determinants of health have been shown to influence cardiovascular risk and the development of cardiovascular disease, but few studies have been done about early-life exposure as well as the combined effect of multiple neighborhood social determinants of health measures. Each 1-standard-deviation increase in the neighborhood social determinants of health index is associated with increased risk of coronary artery calcification at the year 7, year 15, and year 20 visits (Odds Ratios range from 1.15 to 1.17). The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve ranges between 0.718 (year 7) and 0.719 (year 20). Compared to White participants, Black participants have a significant association between neighborhood social determinants of health indices and coronary artery calcification at Y15 and at Y20. In conclusion, higher early adulthood neighborhood social determinants of health indices are associated with higher middle-aged coronary artery calcification risk; this association is significant in Black adults at older age compared with White adults.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesNeighborhood CharacteristicsSocial Determinants of HealthAdultBlack or African AmericanCoronary Artery DiseaseFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsWhite

Identifiers

PMID41917033
PMCPMC13199392

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.