Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41917022›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Single-molecule neuromorphic device with aJ-level power consumption per switching.

Hua Zhang, Jingyao Ye, Mingbin Gao, Chenshuai Yan, Yiqiang Jiang, Bei Zhang, Yu Zhou, Wansong Shang, Liangliang Chen, Jiayi Wu and 13 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Hua Zhang *State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Jingyao Ye *State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Mingbin Gao *State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7143-2658
Chenshuai YanState Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Yiqiang JiangState Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Bei ZhangState Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Yu ZhouState Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9210-5704
Wansong ShangBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Liangliang ChenBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Jiayi WuState Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Zhi LiState Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Tianyue ZengState Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Wei XuState Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Xiaohui LiState Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Jie BaiState Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Jing LiState Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Yanxi ZhangState Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Zongyuan XiaoState Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Jia ShiState Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Guanxin ZhangBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1417-6985
Junyang LiuState Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. jyliu@xmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7252-1900
Deqing ZhangBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. dqzhang@iccas.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-6088
Wenjing HongState Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. whong@xmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4080-6175

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 21933012National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 22173075National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 22250003National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 22325303National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 92577016
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial neural network-based machine learning provides foundations for artificial intelligence (AI), yet requires high energy costs for training. Beyond software-level simulation of neural networks, hardware-level implementation via neuromorphic devices becomes the next milestone in nanoscience towards energy-sustainable AI. Single-molecule devices have the potential for ultimate scale and energy efficiency, but challenges remain in achieving programmable multi-conductance states amidst room-temperature thermal fluctuations. Here we fabricated a bio-inspired single-molecule neuromorphic device consuming ~6.34 aJ/operation by electrochemically gating molecule-ion electrostatic interactions. This device realizes biomimetic emulation of neural plasticity from short-term to long-term memory featuring over 10 distinct conductance states, demonstrating the applications in Pavlovian conditioning for associative learning and pattern recognition in Morse code processing. Our approach enables multi-state synaptic emulation using an individual molecule toward energy-sustainable AI.

Identifiers

PMID41917022
PMCPMC13201615

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.