Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41916991›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

The ecological and developmental foundations of brood parasitism in a catfish.

Martin Reichard, Radim Blažek, Matej Polačik, Tomáš Suchánek, Gernot K Englmaier, Kacper Pyrzanowski, Veronika Bartáková, Jakub Žák, Lukas Koch, Iva Dyková and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Martin ReichardInstitute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic. reichard@ivb.cz.ORCID 0000-0002-9306-0074
Radim BlažekInstitute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
Matej PolačikInstitute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
Tomáš SuchánekDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.ORCID 0009-0008-8361-0045
Gernot K EnglmaierInstitute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
Kacper PyrzanowskiInstitute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0002-0684-7750
Veronika BartákováInstitute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
Jakub ŽákDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Lukas KochInstitute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.ORCID 0009-0003-5489-6594
Iva DykováDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Robert CernyDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0002-0022-0199
Stephan KoblmüllerInstitute of Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-1024-3220
Holger ZimmermannInstitute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic. holger.zimmermann@uni-graz.at.ORCID 0000-0002-7919-4447

Funding

Grantová Agentura České Republiky (Grant Agency of the Czech Republic) 21-00788X
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Interspecific brood parasitism has evolved repeatedly from parental care. However, many non-avian brood-parasitic lineages have ancestors lacking parental care, leaving the foundations of brood parasitism in these lineages enigmatic. We examine ecological, reproductive, and developmental data from the Lake Tanganyika radiation of Synodontis catfishes, where one species, the cuckoo catfish, exhibits brood parasitism of mouthbrooding cichlid fishes. Our comparative analyses, coupled with experimental parasitism, suggest that a combination of ancestral traits (large eggs and rapid embryo development) enabled the origin of brood parasitism. Evolutionary innovations then presumably enhanced the success of brood parasitism after it emerged. Novel traits comprise frequent production of small clutches to effectively utilize host availability, the evolution of egg mimicry to facilitate host egg adoption, and modifications to development to enhance the performance of catfish embryos in the host's buccal cavity. Interestingly, despite the distinct ecological and life history contexts of the origin of catfish brood parasitism, its evolutionary and developmental outcomes align with those of canonical avian brood parasites. This suggests that general patterns are repeated in the evolution of brood parasitism, despite disparate starting conditions.

Indexed as

CatfishesNesting BehaviorAnimalsBiological EvolutionCichlidsFemaleLakesPhylogenyReproduction

Identifiers

PMID41916991
PMCPMC13199399

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.