ArticleBMJ open2026
Geographic variation in potentially preventable hospitalisations in Indonesia: a multilevel analysis using National Health Insurance Sample Data.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesIndonesian data on potentially preventable hospitalisations (PPH), a widely used indicator for measuring primary healthcare (PHC) quality, are lacking. This study aimed to describe Indonesia's PPH rates and to quantify variation in PPH across districts/cities and their associations with individual sociodemographic characteristics. DESIGN AND
settingCross-sectional study conducted in Indonesia using the 2023 National Health Insurance Sample Data.
participantsSample of 2.32 million individuals, representing 266.85 million national health insurance OUTCOME MEASURES: PPH overall and by type: vaccine-preventable, acute and chronic.
methodsWe quantified crude and age-standardised PPH rates (overall and by type) per 10 000
resultsThere were 4.83 million overall PPH in 2023, an overall rate of 180.9 per 10 000
conclusionsPPH varied across districts/cities as well as by sociodemographic characteristics. While PPH has potential for measuring PHC quality in Indonesia, context-specific interpretation is required as lower PPH may reflect limited accessibility to hospital care rather than better PHC quality.
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