ArticleEuropean journal of public health2026
Twenty-year trends in cognitive performance and modifiable dementia risk factors: a Swiss population-based study.
Article in European journal of public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Population trends in cognitive performance have been mixed, and few studies included data following the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined 20-year cognitive performance trends, and the contribution of modifiable dementia risk factors. We used repeated cross-sectional survey data from 2005 to 2025. Adults aged 50 to 75 years completed the clock drawing test (N = 6902, 51% women). We calculated the updated LIfestyle for BRAin health (LIBRA2) index. Analyses used linear regression models. Cognitive performance declined over time [β (95% CI), -0.11 (-0.14 to -0.09), P <.001]. Higher LIBRA2 scores were associated with poorer cognitive performance [-0.08 (-0.11 to -0.05), <.001]. The decline in cognitive performance remained significant after adjustment for the LIBRA2 and its components. There was a small but significant decline in cognitive performance between 2005 and 2025. Well-known dementia risk factors did not fully explain the decline. Further research is needed to identify contributing factors, including the impact of digitalisation on society.
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