ArticlePloS one2026
Developing a programme theory of a complex, home-based rehabilitation intervention for recovery after an episode of delirium.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDelirium in older adults is associated with persistent cognitive and functional decline, increased institutionalisation, and higher mortality. Evidence-based strategies to support recovery after hospitalisation remain limited. This paper outlines the development and refinement of the programme theory underpinning RecoverED, a novel, home-based, multicomponent rehabilitation intervention designed to support post-delirium recovery.
methodsWe applied a realist-informed, multi-stage process to develop the RecoverED programme theory. This included a rapid realist review, qualitative interviews with older adults, carers, and healthcare professionals, an expert panel workshop, iterative programme theory meetings, and a process evaluation embedded within a single-arm feasibility trial. Data were synthesised into a logic model linking intervention components to hypothesised mechanisms and outcomes.
resultsThe programme theory outlines how cognitive and physical rehabilitation, psychosocial support, health monitoring, lifestyle guidance, and delirium education are expected to promote recovery. Cognitive activities aim to rebuild executive function and daily independence; physical rehabilitation maintains mobility; psychosocial support reduces anxiety and promotes confidence; health monitoring and lifestyle guidance address comorbidities; and delirium education supports sense-making. Key mechanisms include personalised goal-setting, continuity of professional support, and integration with community services. The process evaluation within the feasibility trial confirmed the relevance and acceptability of these pathways, while suggesting refinements to training, psychosocial strategies, and education delivery.
conclusionThis paper provides an empirically grounded framework detailing the development and refinement of a programme theory for post-delirium rehabilitation, illustrating the value of flexible, theory-driven approaches to guiding recovery.
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