Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41915613›Full record

ArticleFolia phoniatrica et logopaedica : official organ of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP)2026

"Metal" and "Density" in Phonation according to Complete Vocal Technique: Double-Case Study with Special Reference to Vocal Efficiency and Economy.

Mari Leppävuori, Tero Ikävalko, Mathias Aaen, Cathrine Sadolin, Paavo Alku, Anne-Maria Laukkanen

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In one paragraph

Article in Folia phoniatrica et logopaedica : official organ of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mari LeppävuoriCommunity of Research in Education, Music, and the Arts, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, mari.leppavuori@oulu.fi.
Tero IkävalkoSpeech and Voice Research Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Mathias AaenComplete Vocal Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Cathrine SadolinComplete Vocal Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Paavo AlkuDepartment of Information and Communications Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
Anne-Maria LaukkanenSpeech and Voice Research Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

<p>Introduction: In Complete Vocal Technique (CVT), "metal" and "density" are used as auditory-perceptual concepts to characterize voice quality. Previous studies have explored acoustic, electroglottographic (EGG), and vocal tract-related patterns associated with different metal and density conditions. However, no studies to date have examined how these qualities are reflected in aerodynamic measurements or the glottal flow waveform. This exploratory analysis aimed to provide insights into the concepts of metal and density. The goal was to gain an understanding of how varying degrees of metal and density are reflected in acoustic, EGG, aerodynamic, and glottal inverse-filtering parameters, as well as in vocal efficiency and economy parameters.

methodsTwo CVT-trained singers (male and female) were recorded while performing consonant-vowel syllables at three pitches across four CVT vocal modes with varying "metal" and "density" conditions. Subglottal pressure (P

resultsMetallic phonation displayed higher sound pressure level (SPL), P

conclusionThe examined parameters distinguished between nonmetallic and metallic phonation as well as between reduced density and fuller density conditions. While metal and density share common measures, they appear to form their own specific profiles. Larger sample sizes are needed to refine these preliminary findings. Indicators of vocal economy warrant further investigation. </p>.

Indexed as

AirflowContact quotientSingingSubglottal pressureVocal strain

Identifiers

PMID41915613
PMCPMC13341094

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.