Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41915459›Full record

ReviewDiabetes care2026

Impact of Body Size on Preclinical Type 1 Diabetes Development and Progression.

Raquel M Gupta, Heba M Ismail, Alejandro F Siller, Jonah Pesikoff, Sridevi Devaraj, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Maria J Redondo

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetes care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Raquel M GuptaBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Heba M IsmailIndiana University, Indianapolis, IN.ORCID 0000-0003-0102-0030
Alejandro F SillerBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Jonah PesikoffBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Sridevi DevarajBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Ashok BalasubramanyamBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.ORCID 0000-0003-2093-5201
Maria J RedondoBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.ORCID 0000-0001-5871-4645

Funding

Breakthrough Type 1 Diabetes 3-SRA-2025-1738-S-B
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes arises from the interplay of genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures, leading to autoimmune β-cell destruction. Although disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) can delay progression to clinical (stage 3) type 1 diabetes, treatment responses remain inconsistent and transient. The marked heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes, shaped by age, sex, race or ethnicity, and genetic background, underscores the need to elucidate distinct mechanistic pathways. Among environmental contributors, obesity stands out as a compelling modifiable target. Data from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY), Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet, and other longitudinal cohorts link BMI and adiposity to the onset of islet autoimmunity, progression through preclinical stages, and development of stage 3 type 1 diabetes. These associations are not uniform; heightened susceptibility to adiposity-related risk is seen among younger children, Hispanic populations, and individuals with specific HLA genotypes. Despite robust epidemiologic evidence, the biological pathways connecting elevated BMI to autoimmune β-cell destruction remain incompletely defined. Emerging data implicate a network of immunologic and metabolic disturbances, including insulin resistance, β-cell stress, chronic adipose tissue inflammation, altered adipokine signaling, and gut microbiome changes, that collectively heighten β-cell vulnerability, amplify autoreactive immune responses, and drive metabolic decompensation toward clinical disease. Elucidating these mechanisms and identifying related biomarkers are critical to advancing precision prevention. In future studies, investigators should evaluate whether modifying elevated BMI or targeting obesity-associated immunologic and metabolic pathways can alter the preclinical trajectory of type 1 diabetes. Such mechanistic understanding may help curb type 1 diabetes incidence and improve outcomes for populations most vulnerable to obesity-related risk.

Indexed as

Body SizeDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1AnimalsBody Mass IndexDisease ProgressionHumansObesity

Identifiers

PMID41915459
PMCPMC13493344

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.