Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41915230›Full record

ArticleAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry2026

A new tool to support the protection of workers' health: development and application of an innovative analytical method for biomonitoring occupational exposure to formaldehyde.

Arianna Antonucci, Matteo Albano, Ivano Pindinello, Leila Fabiani, Claudia Cipollone, Giada Mastrangeli, Riccardo Mastrantonio, Mario Muselli, Cinzia Lucia Ursini, Delia Cavallo and 5 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Arianna AntonucciDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Matteo AlbanoDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Ivano PindinelloDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Leila FabianiDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, P.le Salvatore Tommasi 1, Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy. leila.fabiani@univaq.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0597-1450
Claudia CipolloneDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, P.le Salvatore Tommasi 1, Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
Giada MastrangeliDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, P.le Salvatore Tommasi 1, Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
Riccardo MastrantonioDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, P.le Salvatore Tommasi 1, Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
Mario MuselliDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, P.le Salvatore Tommasi 1, Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
Cinzia Lucia UrsiniDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers'Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078, Rome, Italy.
Delia CavalloDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers'Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078, Rome, Italy.
Marta PetyxDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers'Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078, Rome, Italy.
Giorgia Di GennaroDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Giuseppe De PalmaUnit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
Matteo VitaliDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Carmela ProtanoDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.

Funding

Istituto Nazionale per l'Assicurazione Contro Gli Infortuni sul Lavoro BRiC ID-51/2022
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Formaldehyde (FA) is a widely used industrial chemical and a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, for which biological monitoring remains challenging due to its high reactivity and substantial endogenous background. In the present study, a sensitive and selective analytical method based on headspace solid-phase microextraction with on-fiber derivatization (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was developed and applied for the determination of urinary FA. Direct on-fiber derivatization using O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine (PFBHA) was optimized to ensure quantitative derivatization, reproducibility, and minimal sample handling. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision, and robustness, demonstrating suitability for trace-level FA determination in complex biological matrices. The applicability of the method was evaluated in an occupational biomonitoring campaign involving 124 subjects, including workers occupationally exposed to FA (healthcare personnel, laboratory staff, and firefighters) and non-exposed administrative employees. Urinary FA concentrations showed wide inter-individual variability and substantial overlap between exposed and non-exposed groups, particularly at low exposure levels. Stratified analyses indicated associations with sex and smoking habits, while age and body mass index showed no clear influence. Overall, the results highlight both the analytical reliability of the proposed HS-SPME GC-MS/MS approach and the biological complexity of urinary FA as an exposure biomarker.

Indexed as

Biological MonitoringFormaldehydeGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryOccupational ExposureAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedReproducibility of ResultsSolid Phase MicroextractionTandem Mass SpectrometryFormaldehydeFormaldehydeGas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometryHeadspace solid-phase microextractionHuman biomonitoringOccupational exposureUrine

Identifiers

PMID41915230
PMCPMC13221376

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.