ReviewMolecular biology reports2026
Navigating chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer: interplay between molecular signalling pathways and immune microenvironment.
Review in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) therapeutic strategies remain a challenge as the mechanisms in the development of chemoresistance remains elusive. Previous evidence has shown enhancement of the immunomodulatory clusters of genes and immune regulators in TNBC such as the tumor infiltrating leukocyte (TILs – PD-L1, CTLA4, CD8 etc.) playing critical roles in cancer progression and chemoresistance in some cancers. TNBC chemoresistance undergoes multiple hallmarks of cancer, including genomic instability driven by TP53 gain-of-function and BRCAness thus resulting to immune pressure and evasion. Concurrent adaptive activation of immune regulator components (tumor infiltrating cells) and downstream signaling pathways (PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling) enhances the rewiring of a hostile tumour microenvironment. The complexity crosstalk of the signalling pathways and immune infiltration cluster deserve attention to override TNBC chemoresistance. Therefore, this review aims to highlight an overview on the molecular crosstalk (BRCA, PI3K-AKT, TP53 and MAPK signaling) with immune response as a potential integrative therapeutic option to TNBC chemoresistance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.