ArticleVeterinary medicine and science2026
Computed Tomography of the Nasal Cavities and Paranasal Sinuses of Cattle at Different Ages.
Article in Veterinary medicine and science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Computed Tomographic Volumetric Analysis of the Nasal Cavities in Domestic Cats (Felis catus) and Anatomical Implications for Intranasal Drug Delivery.Anatomia, histologia, embryologia · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses of cattle are complex anatomical structures that undergo significant changes throughout growth and maturation. Computed tomography (CT) is increasingly used as a routine imaging modality in small animals but remains less common in cattle due to technical limitations. However, it provides valuable diagnostic insight into the nasal cavities and sinuses, which are difficult to assess and often involved in disease processes.
objectivesThis study aimed to provide a detailed description of these structures using CT in cattle of different ages in order to provide a valuable tool to clinicians.
methodsCT bone window scans of thirteen bovine heads aged 5 days to 5 years and belonging to two breeds, Holstein and Blonde d'Aquitaine, were obtained in ventral recumbency. CT and gross anatomical data were correlated with CT images and cross-sectional anatomy from the head of three 5-year-old cows. Relevant anatomical structures were identified and labelled on each CT image and anatomical cross section in three different planes.
resultsCT scans produced an excellent definition of the bony and air-filled structures and allowed us to successfully identify most of the bovine head bone structures. The results revealed a progressive pneumatization of the paranasal sinuses with age, as well as an increased ossification and complexity of the nasal turbinates. Age-related differences were particularly evident in the extent and shape of the frontal sinus.
conclusionsThis study highlights the importance of considering age when interpreting CT images of the bovine head, especially in clinical and research contexts. The findings provide a reference for normal anatomical variation across different life stages and contribute to improved diagnostic accuracy in bovine veterinary imaging.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.