ArticleESC heart failure2026
Quantifying skeletal muscle energy metabolism during exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction using in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Article in ESC heart failure, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05750940 (Oxidative Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Chronic Heart Failure Patients With and Without Iron Deficiency), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Oxidative Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Chronic Heart Failure Patients With and Without Iron Deficiency
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14 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsPatients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) experience significant exercise intolerance, yet its underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined and are multifactorial. Iron deficiency (ID) occurs frequently in HFpEF and may contribute to exercise impairment. This study evaluated mitochondrial oxidative muscle metabolism in HFpEF using in vivo 31phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) employing two exercise protocols, and assessed whether ID influences exercise energetics.
methodsIn this parallel analysis of prospective studies at two sites, patients with HFpEF and control individuals performed either isometric exercise (isolated leg protocol) or dynamic exercise (cardiopulmonary protocol) with concomitant phosphocreatine recovery assessment using in vivo 31P-MRS. Associations between clinical factors and oxidative metabolism were evaluated. ID was defined as ferritin <100 µg/L, or ferritin 100-299 µg/L with transferrin saturation <20%.
resultsFifty-eight patients with HFpEF and 16 controls performed isometric exercise (n = 46 HFpEF; n = 16 control) or cardiopulmonary exercise (n = 12 HFpEF). Phosphocreatine recovery halftime after isometric exercise was prolonged in patients versus controls [27 (23-32) vs 24 (19-28) seconds, respectively; P = .03]. Phosphocreatine recovery halftime after dynamic exercise in patients was 39 (27-57) seconds. Both cohorts consisted of patients with and without ID (n = 19 and 27, and n = 6 and 6, respectively), who had comparable exercise and oxidative muscle capacity (all P > .42). High-sensitive C-reactive protein was associated with prolonged phosphocreatine recovery halftime (P =. 01).
conclusionsPatients with HFpEF exhibit impaired whole-muscle oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle, as shown by two different 31P-MRS protocols with upper leg measurements, independent of ID status. STUDY REGISTRATION: NTR6605, NTR7297 (https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/nl/trial/55673); NCT05750940 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05750940).
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