Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41913953›Full record

ReviewThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2026

A strategic discovery roadmap towards high-quality leads and drug development candidates for kinetoplastid diseases. Part 2: from molecule to confirmed hit.

Sarah Hendrickx, Kayhan Ilbeigi, Eli S J Thoré, Michael G Bertram, Estefanía Calvo-Alvarez, Sener Cintesun, Ana Isabel Olías-Molero, María Jesús Corral, Marta Mateo-Barrientos, Jérôme Estaquier and 10 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Sarah HendrickxLaboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp) 2610, Belgium.
Kayhan IlbeigiLaboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp) 2610, Belgium.
Eli S J ThoréDepartment of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 907 36, Sweden.
Michael G BertramDepartment of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 907 36, Sweden.
Estefanía Calvo-AlvarezDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
Sener CintesunDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts & Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34349, Turkey.
Ana Isabel Olías-MoleroDepartment of Animal Health, Complutense University Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
María Jesús CorralDepartment of Animal Health, Complutense University Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
Marta Mateo-BarrientosDepartment of Microbiology & Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
Jérôme EstaquierINSERM U1124, Université Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.
Sébastien PomelUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS BioCIS, 17 avenue des Sciences, Orsay 91400, France.
José María AlundaDepartment of Animal Health, Complutense University Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
Sheraz GulFraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery Research ScreeningPort, Hamburg 22525, Germany.
Katrien Van BocxlaerSkin Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8583-5282
Frédéric FrézardDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
Joana Tavaresi3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
Anabela Cordeiro Da Silvai3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
Maria Paola CostiDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy.
Louis MaesLaboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp) 2610, Belgium.
Guy CaljonLaboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp) 2610, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-4870-3202

Funding

Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek G065421NFonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek G0A5624NKempe Foundations SMK-1954Kempe Foundations SMK21-0069Swedish Research Council Formas 2020-02293
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Given the medical importance and challenges related to kinetoplastid diseases, a strategic roadmap is needed for the identification of high-quality leads and drug development candidates. Within the aim to deliver more compelling proof-of-concept read-outs, this part proposes a systematic flow-chart of laboratory experiments and decision criteria, focusing on African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease and visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Next to precision experimental design and reporting, an overview is provided of various complementary laboratory models reproducing kinetoplastid infection and disease. Technical aspects of conventional in vitro and in vivo approaches and, more recently, in silico methods are presented with reference to specific preclinical R&D stages from 'hit finding' to 'profiling of a confirmed hit', covering the expertise areas of medicinal chemistry, primary pharmacology, (eco)toxicology, pharmacokinetics and pharmaceutics (Figure 1).

Indexed as

Antiprotozoal AgentsDrug DevelopmentDrug DiscoveryEuglenozoa InfectionsKinetoplastidaAnimalsChagas DiseaseDrug Evaluation, PreclinicalHumansTrypanosomiasis, AfricanAntiprotozoal Agents

Identifiers

PMID41913953
PMCPMC13036319

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.