ArticlePublic health nutrition2026
Nutritional anthropometry of children and adolescents in Spain in the middle of the 20th century (1934-1965).
Article in Public health nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveThe general objective was to explore the nutritional condition of schoolchildren, based on certain body measurements published in various reports (from 1934 to 1965). More specifically, we intended to analyse, first, the secular trend of growth by comparing historical anthropometric data with current national and international figures and, second, to study the possible variability of body measurements at that time among different Spanish regions and of different socioeconomical levels.
designBased on these reports, a sample of individuals of both sexes, between 6 and 16 years of age, was selected. Average weight and height were calculated for each age and sex, and the BMI was determined for all series. The data of these series were compared first with each other and then, using the z-score method, with reference tables published by the WHO and by a current Spanish reference.
settingSeven Spanish historical series, from 1934 to 1965. SUBJECTS: 114 880 individuals aged 6 to 16 years (59 786 boys and 55 094 girls).
resultsAlmost all the historical populations assessed show chronic undernutrition and underweight, strongly influenced by socioeconomic status. On the other hand, nutritional status appears almost independent of rural or urban environment.
conclusionsIn the series analysed, various states of chronic undernutrition and underweight were present, mainly in schoolchildren from the most disadvantaged social groups. The secular trend in height and weight occurred in times after the beginning of Franco's developmentalism.
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