Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41913209›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2026

Knowledge, attitudes, and willingness of community pharmacists to provide vaccination services: a web-based cross-sectional survey in Uganda.

Elima Francis, Rusoke Leavan, Bhavana Reddy Bommireddy, Mohammad Jaffar Sadiq Mantargi, Vigneshwaran Easwaran, Sarad Pawar Naik Bukke, Tadele Mekuriya Yadesa, Narayana Goruntla

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Elima FrancisDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda.
Rusoke LeavanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda.
Bhavana Reddy BommireddyResearch Scholar, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER) - Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Mohammad Jaffar Sadiq MantargiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia.
Vigneshwaran EaswaranDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Sarad Pawar Naik BukkeDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda.
Tadele Mekuriya YadesaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda.
Narayana GoruntlaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda. drgoruntla@kiu.ac.ug.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionCommunity Pharmacists (CPs) play a significant role in improving vaccination rates and coverage by offering vaccination services in various countries. However, little is known about CP’s willingness to offer vaccination services in Uganda. The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and willingness (KAW) of the CPs to offer vaccination services in community pharmacy settings in Uganda

methodsA nation-wide, web-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted using a snowball sampling technique to obtain responses from community pharmacists across Uganda. A pre-designed data collection form was used to obtain information regarding demographics, knowledge about vaccination, attitude, willingness, and barriers to providing vaccination services among community pharmacists. A binary and multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to identify predictors of KAW towards vaccination services.

resultsA total of 290 community pharmacists participated in the study. Overall, 46.55% of pharmacists demonstrated good knowledge, 65.17% positive attitude, and 87.93% were willing to provide vaccination services. Barriers like lack of authorization (95.17%), lack of training (78.96%), lack of staffing/resources (76.90%), time constraints (74.14%), and vaccine-associated safety concerns (64.83%) were expressed by the CPs to offer vaccination services. Good knowledge and positive or neutral attitudes were significantly associated with willingness to offer vaccination services.

conclusionThe majority of the community pharmacists are willing to provide vaccination services, which could improve national vaccination coverage and public access. However, only half had adequate knowledge, and two-thirds showed positive attitudes. Targeted educational interventions and inclusion of community pharmacists in Uganda’s national immunization program are recommended to strengthen vaccination services.

Indexed as

Attitude of Health PersonnelCommunity Pharmacy ServicesHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticePharmacistsVaccinationAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInternetMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesUgandaAcceptanceAwarenessCommunity pharmacistsImmunizationPerceptionVaccination services

Identifiers

PMID41913209
PMCPMC13159221

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.