ArticleBMC public health2026
The association between physical activity and cardiovascular disease under indoor air pollution among middle-aged-to-elderly people: a sex-specific analysis from CHARLS.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe associations between physical activity (PA) and outdoor air pollution with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are well established, but evidence regarding indoor air pollution remains scarce. This study examined sex-specific associations between PA and CVD in the context of indoor air pollution resulting from solid fuel use.
methodsThis nationwide cross-sectional study analyzed data from 18,640 middle-aged and older adults from the 2018 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. PA was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Information on solid fuel use was obtained through self-reported primary sources of cooking and heating fuels. CVD was defined based on self-reported physician diagnoses of heart diseases or stroke.
resultsParticipants with higher PA levels exhibited a lower CVD prevalence, whereas all types of solid fuel use were associated with higher prevalence, with the highest prevalence observed among mixed solid fuel users. Physically inactive individuals generally exhibited the highest prevalence across all fuel-use groups. Exposure-response analyses revealed that PA was inversely associated with CVD prevalence among male users of clean energy, coal, and crop residue/wood burning, and among female users of clean energy and crop residue/wood burning (all P for overall < 0.05). Among males, PA significantly mediated the relationship between solid fuel use and CVD, with opposing statistical mediation directions observed for coal (5.07%) and crop/wood (–18.99%). In females, significant statistical mediation was observed only for crop/wood use (-16.89%).
conclusionsThis cross-sectional study suggests that the inverse association between PA and CVD prevalence may vary by sex and solid fuel type. PA was associated with lower CVD prevalence across all fuel types in males, but only among females using clean energy and crop residue/wood burning. These findings highlight the need for targeted health policies for older adults undergoing energy transition.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.