ArticleBMC public health2026
Physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns in cognitive impairment: findings from a cross-sectional study in Punjab, North India.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPhysical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are recognized as potential factors affecting cognitive function; however, there is limited evidence of their association with cognitive impairment (CI) in Indian populations. The present study aimed to investigate the role of PA and SB in CI among adults living in rural communities in the Mansa district of Punjab, India.
methodsThe study included 1206 adults of both sexes, living in rural Punjab. Sociodemographic and lifestyle data were collected using modified interview schedules. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) assessed PA and SB, and cognitive function was evaluated using RUDAS.
resultsLow PA was associated with an increased risk of CI only among older adults (≥ 60 years) [OR: 1.68 (0.98–2.88), p-value = 0.061], but not in the middle and younger age groups. Conversely, high SB was significantly associated with an increased risk of CI in both the older and middle age groups (40–59 years) [OR: 2.17 (1.06–4.30), p-value = 0.026; OR: 1.83 (1.03–3.27), p-value = 0.040, respectively]. Further, when examining the composite effect of PA and SB, the group with low PA and high SB had significantly increased odds of CI [OR: 2.15 (1.19–3.88), p-value = 0.011] compared to the reference category of high PA and low SB in the overall sample.
conclusionsAdhering to recommended PA levels and maintaining low SB (< 7 h/day) can be beneficial in reducing the burden of CI. Additionally, reducing sedentary time may independently contribute to reducing the burden of CI among middle-aged individuals.
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