Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41913028›Full record

ReviewMolecular neurobiology2026

Cocaine Use Disorder: Neuropathology and Exploratory Treatments.

Amanda Almeida, Halford G Warlick, Arisha Arain, Simran Arora, Erick Boldt, Causicaa Chandramohan, Prathmica Chandramohan, Maiah Fogel, Hamid Gogerdchian, Borna Hajivandi and 11 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular neurobiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Amanda AlmeidaHealth Profession Division, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA.
Halford G WarlickThe Chicago School, Chicago, IL, USA. halfordwarlick@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1643-2011
Arisha ArainHalmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA.
Simran AroraHealth Profession Division, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA.
Erick BoldtHealth Profession Division, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA.
Causicaa ChandramohanMCPHS University, Boston, MA, USA.
Prathmica ChandramohanHealth Profession Division, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA.
Maiah FogelHealth Profession Division, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA.
Hamid GogerdchianHealth Profession Division, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA.
Borna HajivandiTexas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Armena JafarmadarHealth Profession Division, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA.
Marianne KolengHealth Profession Division, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA.
Jeremy PaparozziHealth Profession Division, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA.
Jorge Rubinos RodriguezHealth Profession Division, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA.
Sergio RodriguezHealth Profession Division, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA.
Melissa SantayaHealth Profession Division, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA.
Madeline SardinasHealth Profession Division, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA.
Leah SimonHealth Profession Division, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA.
Rafay WahidTexas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Talha WahidHealth Profession Division, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA.
Kelley DavisHealth Profession Division, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

rationaleCocaine use disorder (CUD) is a clinically recognized condition characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behavior and neurobiological dysfunction. It results from complex interactions between neurotransmitter imbalances and neuroinflammatory processes. Given the growing understanding of its immunopathological effects, it is crucial to investigate the diverse mechanisms of CUD and assess new therapeutic approaches that target both neurochemical and inflammatory pathways.

objectivesThe main aim of this review is to gather information on the psychopharmacological mechanisms, neuroinflammatory features, and impact of cocaine hydrochloride on neurotransmitters, especially monoamines involved in CUD.

methodsAs the Food and Drug Administration has not approved any drugs for the treatment of CUD, we reviewed novel therapeutic agents and emerging treatment strategies for CUD from preclinical studies. We analyzed the current literature on CUD, focusing on its pathophysiology, neuroinflammation, and treatment. Relevant studies were sourced from PubMed, NCBI, AccessMedicine, and Clinical Key databases.

resultsPreclinical findings have suggested potentially promising treatments for CUD, including L-DOPA, M. pruriens, monoamine precursors, TA-CD (cocaine vaccine), and immunotherapy. In addition, these treatment modalities have had some success in subjects given their effects on targeting neuroinflammation.

conclusionsTargeting neuroinflammation with drugs and other modalities with specific therapeutic approaches may hold promise for treating patients with CUD. However, further research is needed as no FDA-approved treatment is yet available. These novel approaches may help reduce incidence rates within the CUD patient population and should be investigated further.

Indexed as

BrainCocaine-Related DisordersAnimalsHumansNeuroinflammatory DiseasesCocaine use disordersImmunologyNeuroinflammationOsteopathic medicineStimulant

Identifiers

PMID41913028

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.