Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41912562›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Interchain supramolecular interactions drive nearly 21% efficiency organic solar cells.

Wei Gao, Yulong Hai, Jinyan Zeng, Hao Xia, Ruijie Ma, Top Archie Dela Peña, Jiaying Wu, Chunhui Duan, Jian-Xin Tang, Zhanhua Wei and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Wei Gao *Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China.
Yulong Hai *Thrust of Advanced Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou, China.
Jinyan ZengXiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China.
Hao XiaXiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China. xiahao919@hqu.edu.cn.
Ruijie MaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. ruijiema@buaa.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7227-5164
Top Archie Dela PeñaThrust of Advanced Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0023-4793
Jiaying WuThrust of Advanced Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9674-2903
Chunhui DuanInstitute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6521-2149
Jian-Xin TangMacao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6813-0448
Zhanhua WeiXiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China. weizhanhua@hqu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2687-0293
Gang LiDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. gang.w.li@polyu.edu.hk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8399-7771

Funding

Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC) C4005-22Y
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A small-molecule acceptor, S-Cb, substituted with a cyclobutyl group that introduces high ring strain, was designed and synthesized. Thanks to the rigid and planar structure of cyclobutyl, S-Cb can form interchain supramolecular interactions through hydrogen bonding with L8-BO at the external side chains. This clamping effect not only effectively suppresses the electron-phonon coupling but also promotes the formation of high-quality acceptor alloy phases in the ternary active layer, thereby optimizing carrier behaviors and reducing non-radiative energy loss. The clamping effect reaches its maximum when S-Cb and L8-BO are in equal proportion, where organic solar cells (OSCs) based on D18:S-Cb:L8-BO achieved an impressive efficiency of 20.93%, with a certified efficiency of 20.74%. In summary, the cyclobutyl-mediated interchain supramolecular interactions suppress the electron-phonon coupling and optimize the acceptor alloy phase for efficient ternary OSCs.

Identifiers

PMID41912562
PMCPMC13195077

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.