ArticlePloS one2026
Development of X-SIAGA: A disease X and outbreak preparedness intervention for indigenous households in Selangor, Malaysia.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe indigenous people of Peninsular Malaysia, locally known as the Orang Asli, are vulnerable to outbreaks and novel threats such as Disease X. This is due to socioeconomic challenges, limited healthcare access, and exposure to zoonotic spillover. Outbreaks in this community often result in fatalities, yet their interest in preparedness is low and no tailored intervention exists. This study describes the development of X-SIAGA, an intervention to improve household-level preparedness for Disease X and outbreaks among the Orang Asli in Selangor using the Intervention Mapping (IM) approach, a systematic framework for developing theory‑ and evidence‑based health interventions.
methodsThe six-step IM framework was applied: needs assessment, setting program goals, selecting intervention methods, developing components, implementation planning, and program evaluation. Evaluation involved validation of X-SIAGA and its measurement tool, Household Outbreak Preparedness Evaluation (HOPE) questionnaire, with experts (n = 5) and community members (n = 14), and a pilot test (n = 18) to assess its acceptability and preliminary effectiveness.
resultsNeeds assessment confirmed the necessity of a tailored intervention for outbreak and Disease X household preparedness. Findings guided the development of logic models, outcomes, and objectives. Both X-SIAGA and HOPE showed high content and face validity (validity indexes 0.97 to 1.0). The pilot test showed high acceptability (83.3%), and HOPE measured a significant improvement in household preparedness following X-SIAGA (mean difference = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.17-0.27, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.99).
conclusionX-SIAGA is a comprehensive, evidence- and theory-based intervention designed to improve household preparedness for Disease X and outbreaks among the Orang Asli in Selangor. It is valid, feasible, and acceptable in the community. X-SIAGA shows promise and is ready for full-scale trial evaluation and long-term assessment, with potential for adaptation in other communities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.