Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41910928›Full record

Trial reportGeroScience2026

Effects of daily multivitamin-multimineral supplementation on metabolomic profiles: 2-year findings from the COSMOS randomized clinical trial.

Sidong Li, Rikuta Hamaya, Zareen Farukhi, Jun Li, Pamela M Rist, JoAnn E Manson, Howard D Sesso

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in GeroScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02422745 (COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02422745 phase4completednot on this map

COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorBrigham and Women's HospitalRan2015 to 2023Enrolled21,442ConditionsCardiovascular Disease, CancerArmsCocoa extract, Multivitamin, Cocoa extract placebo, Multivitamin placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sidong Li *Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Rikuta Hamaya *Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Zareen FarukhiDivision of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Jun LiDivision of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Pamela M RistDivision of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
JoAnn E MansonDivision of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Howard D SessoDivision of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. hsesso@bwh.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9698-9954

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite widespread use in the USA, little is known about the impact of multivitamin-multimineral (MVM) supplementation on metabolomic profiles and how this may translate to biological aging and long-term risk of age-related chronic diseases. The COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) is a 2 × 2 factorial, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial testing daily MVM (Centrum Silver®) in US older adults. In 399 participants with metabolomics profiles quantified using the Nightingale Health nuclear magnetic resonance platform at baseline, year 1, and year 2 (70.3 ± 5.7 years; 50.1% female), we evaluate the effects of MVM versus placebo on 168 metabolites, 7 metabolomics clocks of biological aging, and 24 metabolomic risk scores (MRS) for chronic diseases. Compared with placebo, 2-year daily MVM supplementation increased the concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (Cohen's d for between-group differences in changes from baseline to 2 years, 0.212 [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.404]) and omega-3 fatty acids (0.193 [0.003 to 0.382]) as well as delayed the increase in concentrations of creatinine (-0.222 [-0.424 to -0.019]). MVM also reduced MRS for 16 chronic diseases, including major cardiovascular events, renal disease, all-cause dementia, asthma, cataracts, glaucoma, liver disease, non-melanoma skin cancer, and prostate cancer (Cohen's d range, -0.206 to -0.277). However, all these effects were only significant at nominal levels, not after multiple-testing correction (p < 0.05; FDR > 0.05). Additionally, MVM led to a non-significant decrease across all metabolomic aging clocks, ranging from 0.496 to 1.054 years. Despite the limited sample size, COSMOS provides preliminary evidence that daily MVM supplementation may modestly improve metabolomic profiles in older adults. Further expansion within COSMOS is still warranted to confirm whether these alterations contribute to the benefits of MVM supplementation for healthy aging. Trial registration number: NCT02422745.

Indexed as

AgingDietary SupplementsMetabolomicsMineralsVitaminsAgedChronic DiseaseDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansMaleMineralsVitaminsAgingClinical trialMetabolomicsMultivitamin

Identifiers

PMID41910928
PMCPMC13575086

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.