ArticleBioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy2026
The Market for Monoclonal Antibodies: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities.
Article in BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in Downstream Processing of Monoclonal Antibodies.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Production and Purification of Therapeutic Antibodies: A Comprehensive Analysis of Process- and Product-Related Contaminants.Biomolecules · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study examines the monoclonal antibody innovation landscape through patent activity and market data.
methodsA dedicated dataset was constructed by linking multiple sources (Antibody Society, Orange Book, Ark Patent Intelligence, US Patent and Trademark Office, PATSTAT, Purple Book, US Veterans Affairs, US-FDA, and ORBIS), covering patents registered between 1986 and 2019. Data analysis comprised six components: (i) a general description of the dataset, (ii) an examination of monoclonal antibody patents and approval trends, (iii) an analysis of therapeutic indications, (iv) a characterization of patent holders and producers through descriptive and network analyses, (v) an assessment of shareholder influence, including common-ownership patterns, and (vi) an evaluation of monoclonal antibody prices.
resultsThe dataset included 63 monoclonal antibodies, 1732 unique patents, 89 active pharmaceutical ingredients, 34 producers, and 214 therapeutic indications, of which 36.5% were single indication, while the average number of secondary indications was 3.78. Roche, Johnson & Johnson, Eli Lilly, Amgen, and Novartis led reference medicine production, while Amgen and Pfizer were notable in biosimilars, with only five companies producing both. Shareholders such as BlackRock, UBS, Vanguard, and JPMorgan exerted strong market influence in monoclonal antibody production. Prices were extremely high, averaging US$127,430 per course or year (s = US$142,509), with 42.1% of monoclonal antibodies priced above US$100,000.
conclusionsWhile monoclonal antibodies have transformed modern medicine and improved safety and effectiveness, their persistently high prices, reinforced by market concentration and financial investor influence, raise serious concerns for equity and social welfare.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.