Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41910780›Full record

SynthesisArchives of virology2026

Global prevalence of hepatitis E virus in swine: a systematic review and meta-analysis (1999-2025).

Mouna Venkataramappa, Chandini Abdul Jabbar Rafeeka, Sharanagouda S Patil, Manjunatha Jogaiah, Akshatha Velankar, Neha Naik, Ashwini Mallappa, Keerathana Gownipally Srinivas, Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa Suresh, Jagadish Hiremath and 1 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Archives of virology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Mouna Venkataramappa *ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560119, India.
Chandini Abdul Jabbar RafeekaICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560119, India.
Sharanagouda S Patil *ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560119, India. sharanspin13@gmail.com.
Manjunatha JogaiahICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560119, India.
Akshatha VelankarICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560119, India.
Neha NaikICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560119, India.
Ashwini MallappaICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560119, India.
Keerathana Gownipally SrinivasICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560119, India.
Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa SureshICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560119, India.
Jagadish HiremathICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560119, India.
Shivasharanappa NayakwadiICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560119, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pigs are reservoirs for zoonotic HEV genotypes 3 and 4. In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 176 studies (93,024 samples; 1999–2025), the pooled global HEV prevalence was 28% under a fixed-effects model and 32% under a random-effects model, with high heterogeneity (I² = 99.5%). Diagnostic method, sample size, country, and continent significantly influenced prevalence estimates, with higher prevalence in ELISA-based studies (28%) than RT-PCR–based studies (11%). Regionally, prevalence was highest in North America (21%) and lower in Asia and Africa (10%). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of pooled estimates, supporting strengthened One Health surveillance and food safety measures globally.

Indexed as

Hepatitis EHepatitis E virusSwine DiseasesAfricaAnimalsAsiaGlobal HealthPrevalenceSwine

Identifiers

PMID41910780

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.