ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2026
Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Arabic Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QBPDS-AR) for patients with lower back pain: a prospective cross-sectional observational study.
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QBPDS) is a widely used patient-reported outcome measure designed to assess functional disability related to lower back pain. However, no validated Arabic version has been available, limiting monitoring in Arabic-speaking populations.
methodsA prospective cross-sectional observational validation study was conducted to translate and validate the Arabic version of the QBPDS (QBPDS-AR) according to established cross-cultural adaptation guidelines. The process included independent forward translations, reconciliation, blinded back-translations, expert committee review, pilot testing, and final proofreading. Adults aged eighteen years or older presenting with lower back pain or related functional impairment were consecutively recruited from two outpatient orthopedic clinics in Beirut, Lebanon, between January 2024 and January 2026, and completed the QBPDS-AR and the Arabic Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS-AR). A clinically stable subgroup (no treatment change/surgery) completed the QBPDS-AR again after 5–10 days. Psychometric evaluation included interpretability through floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha, test–retest reliability using ICC(2,1), measurement error including standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change, exploratory factor analysis, and convergent validity with the CPGS-AR.
resultsA total of 516 patients were enrolled and included in the main analyses, of whom 104 clinically stable participants completed the retest assessment. The QBPDS-AR demonstrated excellent internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.947 and strong test–retest reliability with ICC(2,1) of 0.95 (95% CI 0.93–0.97). The standard error of measurement was 4.98, and the minimal detectable change for an individual was 13.80 points on the 0–100 scale. Floor and ceiling effects remained below the predefined 15% threshold. Exploratory factor analysis supported essential unidimensionality, with the first factor explaining 50.21% of the variance. Convergent validity showed strong correlations with CPGS-AR disability and pain intensity scores.
conclusionThe QBPDS-AR demonstrated excellent reliability, validity, and interpretability, representing the first formally translated and validated Arabic version of the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale for Arabic-speaking populations.
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