Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41910710›Full record

ArticleSpine deformity2026

Segmental trans-endplate pedicle screws do not induce spinal deformity in a porcine model.

Taylor R Johnson, Talissa O Generoso, Christine Farnsworth, Amishi Jobanputra, Jonathan H Wen, Austin J Stoner, Arianne Salunga, Vivian Ho, Miranda Guzman, David Berry and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Spine deformity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Taylor R JohnsonDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 453 Quarry Rd, 3Rd Floor, MC 5658, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-7839-4375
Talissa O GenerosoDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 453 Quarry Rd, 3Rd Floor, MC 5658, Stanford, CA, USA.
Christine FarnsworthRady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Amishi JobanputraDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 453 Quarry Rd, 3Rd Floor, MC 5658, Stanford, CA, USA.
Jonathan H WenDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 453 Quarry Rd, 3Rd Floor, MC 5658, Stanford, CA, USA.
Austin J StonerDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 453 Quarry Rd, 3Rd Floor, MC 5658, Stanford, CA, USA.
Arianne SalungaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 453 Quarry Rd, 3Rd Floor, MC 5658, Stanford, CA, USA.
Vivian HoDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 453 Quarry Rd, 3Rd Floor, MC 5658, Stanford, CA, USA.
Miranda GuzmanRady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
David BerryUniversity of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Vidyadhar UpasaniRady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
John S VorhiesDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 453 Quarry Rd, 3Rd Floor, MC 5658, Stanford, CA, USA. john.vorhies@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2526-4489

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeGrowth modulation is an established technique for limb deformity correction and is increasingly applied to spinal deformities. While distraction-based posterior and anterior compressive methods have been explored, spinal growth modulation through fixation across vertebral growth centers remains unstudied. We hypothesized that unilateral trans-endplate screws-spinal epiphysiodesis trajectory (SET) screws-could induce partial anterior growth arrest and promote scoliotic deformity in a porcine model.

methodsFour male piglets (two experimental, two control) underwent unilateral posterior spinal instrumentation at four lower thoracic levels at eight weeks of age. Experimental animals received trans-endplate SET screws; controls received pedicle screws. Radiographs obtained three months postoperatively assessed vertebral height and Cobb angles. MRI and CT were also used to evaluate vertebral wedging, disc and facet health, physeal bars, and endplate changes.

resultsAfter three months, no significant differences in coronal or sagittal Cobb angles were observed between SET and pedicle screw groups (p > 0.05). No vertebral wedging or restriction of vertical growth was seen in either group. Disc and facet health remained unchanged by Pfirrmann and Fujiwara grading. No physeal bars were identified; one SET specimen showed endplate irregularities.

conclusionIn this pilot porcine model, SET screws did not produce scoliotic or kyphotic deformity. Further research is necessary to clarify the mechanisms and timing required for effective anterior spinal growth modulation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

Indexed as

Pedicle ScrewsScoliosisSpinal FusionSpineThoracic VertebraeAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleSwineTomography, X-Ray ComputedSpinal deformitiesSpinal epiphysiodesis trajectory (SET) screwsSpinal growth modulationTrans-endplate screws

Identifiers

PMID41910710
PMCPMC13282333

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.