ArticleJournal of water and health2026
Estimating wastewater concentrations of norovirus and rotavirus from global data on community-level infection prevalence and viral shedding.
Article in Journal of water and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Water quality modelling offers the opportunity of estimating the magnitude of pathogen loads into wastewater by using data on disease prevalence and excretion. The objective of this paper is to reflect on the potential of using prevalence and excretion rate data from the literature to simulate wastewater concentrations for norovirus and rotavirus. Three systematic literature reviews were carried out to collect worldwide data. Firstly, targeting community-level prevalence data, secondly, viral excretion rates in faecal material, and thirdly, concentrations in wastewater. Data collected in the first two reviews were input to simulate concentrations in wastewater. Model results were compared with reported concentrations collected in the latest review. Of 2,193 studies, 97 were included. Reported community-level prevalence of infection ranged from 0.22 to 9.5% for norovirus and 0 to 3.3% for rotavirus. Mean viral excretion was 4.9 × 10
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