Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41910052›Full record

ArticleJournal of water and health2026

Molecular detection and characterization of rotavirus A in wastewater from Morogoro, Tanzania.

Alice Syomiti Kilonzi, Fredrick M Musila, Joseph J Malakalinga, Jean N Hakizimana, Augustino Chengula, Gerald Misinzo

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Article in Journal of water and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Alice Syomiti KilonziDepartment of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6478-8951
Fredrick M MusilaDepartment of Biological and Life Sciences, The Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6219-8150
Joseph J MalakalingaMicrobiology Laboratory, Tanzania Bureau of Standards, P.O. Box 9524, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-3332
Jean N HakizimanaSACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals in East and Southern Africa, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro, Tanzania.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5911-5115
Augustino ChengulaDepartment of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-753X
Gerald MisinzoDepartment of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1827-6403

Funding

Inter-University Council for East Africa
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rotavirus A (RVA) remains a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children globally. In Tanzania, RVA accounts for over 36% diarrhea related deaths and one-third hospitalizations in children. Despite the introduction of the Rotarix® vaccine in 2013, rotavirus-associated morbidity remains high particularly in areas with poor sanitation. This cross-sectional study aimed to detect and characterize rotavirus in samples collected from three wastewater treatment plants in Morogoro, Tanzania to monitor RVA circulation. A total of 189 grab samples were collected weekly between November 2024 and February 2025. Samples were pooled by site, yielding 93 pooled samples, and processed for RVA detection using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting VP4 and VP7 genes, followed by Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RVA was detected in 8.6% (n=93) of the pooled samples: 16.1% in Mafisa, 9.7% in Mzumbe, and 0% in Magadu (p=0.074). Genotyping identified G3 and P [8] as predominant RVA genotypes, clustering within lineage III and showing ≥97.5% nucleotide identity with known RVA strains. This study confirms the presence of rotavirus A G3P [8] genotypes in wastewater influent in Morogoro, Tanzania. The study highlights the utility of wastewater surveillance as a complementary tool for monitoring rotavirus circulation.

Indexed as

RotavirusWastewaterCross-Sectional StudiesGenotypeHumansPhylogenyTanzaniaWastewaterphylogenetic analysisrotavirus ATanzaniaVP4 geneVP7 genewastewater-based epidemiology

Identifiers

PMID41910052

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.