Expertise-dependent mental representation in chess: evaluation and comparisons based on structural dimensional analysis-motoric.

Introduction: Research findings underline that human behavior and decisive action significantly depend on knowledge accessibility in long-term memory (LTM). For this purpose, various methods have been conducted and applied to help researchers gain insights into LTM functioning. These methods are based on traditional low-cost instruments (e.g., think-aloud protocols, memory protocols, questionnaires, a. o.) as well as modern high-cost technologies. Method: Furthermore, an emerging method that evolves traditional research techniques in a digitalized environment is Results: The analysis shows a significant similarity between experts and intermediate chess players but no significant results for the comparisons between experts and intermediates to novices. Discussion: Researchers should make efforts to expand mental representation research in chess, for example, by manipulating a variety of strategy-related patterns (e.g., critical openings, middle games, and endgame situations) and/or enhancing the difficulty of the TRCs. The results can be applied to the further development of augmented feedback (e.g., assistive training systems) and virtual players (platforms).