ReviewCureus2026
Preventive Role and Survival Benefit of Beta Blockers in Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Antitumour Effects of β-Blockers: A Narrative Review of the Literature.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation has been reported to positively influence the development and growth of many cancers in animal models. Studies have shown conflicting results regarding the benefit of beta-adrenergic receptor blockers in pancreatic cancer. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between beta-blocker usage and the prevention of pancreatic cancer and the prognosis after the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. We searched electronic databases of Medline, Embase, and Scopus from January 2000 to August 2025 to identify studies reporting the relationship between beta-blockers and the development of new pancreatic cancer or survival in diagnosed cases of pancreatic cancer. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were extracted for survival and pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. One case-control and 13 cohort studies were identified, of which four analyzed the association between beta-blocker use and the incidence of pancreatic cancer, while the other 10 analyzed survival outcomes with the use of beta-blockers in patients with diagnosed pancreatic cancer. The pooled data showed that beta-blockers were significantly associated with a reduced incidence of pancreatic cancer (aHR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61 - 0.97, 3 studies). Similarly, continued use of beta-blockers after the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was associated with improved survival (aHR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.87 - 0.94, 4 studies). However, the use of beta-blockers prior to diagnosis of pancreatic cancer did not improve survival (aHR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.94 - 1.05, 5 studies). The results of the current meta-analysis revealed that beta-blockers have a preventive and protective role against pancreatic cancer. Further research is required to validate the findings of this meta-analysis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.